Nasal polyps are non-cancerous, painless growths that develop inside the nasal passages or sinuses, often as a result of chronic sinus inflammation (CRS). They usually appear as tear-shaped or grape-like clusters and are most commonly found in the ethmoid sinuses, the hollow spaces around the nose.

It’s estimated that about 20% of patients with chronic sinusitis develop nasal polyps, making them a frequent cause of breathing difficulties and reduced quality of life.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the polyps, but may include:

Persistent nasal congestion or blockage

Runny nose or postnasal drip

Reduced or lost sense of smell and taste

Facial pain or headaches

Upper tooth pain

Snoring and disturbed sleep

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of nasal polyps remains unclear, but prolonged inflammation in the nasal passages is a key factor. Other contributing factors include:

Asthma and allergies

Vitamin D deficiency

Fungal sinus infections

Exposure to dust, smoke, and pollutants

Genetic predisposition or immune dysfunction

Treatment Options

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and shrink or remove the polyps:

Nasal corticosteroid sprays or drops to minimize swelling.

Antihistamines for allergy-related inflammation.

Antibiotics if bacterial infections are present.

Saline nasal rinses to keep the passages clear.

If medications fail to relieve symptoms, surgical removal may be recommended. The procedure not only eliminates the polyps but also helps open the sinuses to improve airflow and drug delivery. However, recurrence is possible, making follow-up care essential.

Prevention

To minimize the risk of nasal polyps and sinus complications:

Avoid nasal irritants like dust and smoke.

Maintain good nasal and hand hygiene.

Use saline rinses regularly.

Manage allergies and asthma effectively to prevent chronic inflammation.