Arthritis remains one of the most common chronic conditions worldwide, disproportionately affecting women, particularly as they age. The two most prevalent types — osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis — can severely impact daily movement and overall quality of life.

Osteoarthritis results from the gradual wear and tear of joint cartilage, leading to painful friction between bones, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that attacks the joint lining, causing inflammation and potential bone damage over time.

Medical researchers explain that hormonal fluctuations during menstruation and menopause play a significant role in women’s higher susceptibility. During certain phases of the menstrual cycle, increased joint laxity can make female athletes more prone to ligament injuries, which may evolve into osteoarthritis later in life.

After menopause, declining estrogen levels contribute to weaker bones and cartilage, often resulting in chronic joint pain and stiffness. Additionally, genetic factors and differences in muscle and joint structure between men and women can further elevate the risk.

Treatment options typically start with non-surgical approaches such as anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and heat or cold applications. However, for advanced cases, joint replacement surgery may be necessary — a major procedure that replaces the damaged joint with a prosthetic one, restoring mobility for up to 15 years.

Experts stress that consistent exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and consuming foods rich in calcium and vitamin D are key preventive measures. Raising awareness and promoting early medical intervention remain vital in reducing the global impact of arthritis, particularly among women.