Chronic Kidney Disease: 5 Stages and Prevention Tips

The kidneys are vital organs that continuously filter waste and maintain body fluid balance. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develops silently over months or years, with minimal symptoms in early stages, making early detection crucial for health, according to "Onlymyhealth".

What is chronic kidney disease?
CKD is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose the ability to filter waste, excess fluid, and toxins from the blood. Kidneys also regulate blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and produce hormones vital for red blood cell formation and bone health. Major causes include high blood pressure and diabetes, as well as genetic factors, chronic infections, or long-term medication use.

Five stages of chronic kidney disease:

1. Stage 1: Normal kidney function (GFR ≥ 90)
   Kidneys function well; damage may be detected via protein or blood in urine or imaging abnormalities. Kidney biopsy may be recommended for precise diagnosis.

2. Stage 2: Mild kidney function loss (GFR 60-89)
   Often asymptomatic; detected through routine tests. Managing risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity can prevent progression.

3. Stage 3: Moderate kidney function loss (GFR 30-59)
   Waste begins to accumulate; symptoms may include fatigue, leg swelling, changes in urination, anemia, and early bone issues.

4. Stage 4: Severe kidney function loss (GFR 15-29)
   Symptoms become more apparent, including body swelling, shortness of breath, nausea, weakness, and mental confusion. Preparations for treatments like dialysis begin.

5. Stage 5: Kidney failure (GFR < 15)
   Kidneys lose more than 85% of function; symptoms include extreme fatigue, loss of appetite, fluid retention, shortness of breath, itching, and confusion. Patients require dialysis or kidney transplant to survive.

Tips to protect kidney health:

• Carefully monitor diabetes and blood pressure.

• Maintain a healthy weight, follow a low-sodium and low-fat diet, and exercise regularly.

• Stay hydrated and avoid excessive painkiller use.

• Regular kidney and blood tests.