Dr. Ali Gomaa Explains the Origin and Meaning of the Hijri Calendar in Islam
Dr. Ali Gomaa provides a detailed explanation of the Hijri calendar, its establishment during Caliph Umar’s era, the concept of Nasi’, and its role in Islamic worship.
Dr. Ali Gomaa, former Grand Mufti of Egypt and member of Al-Azhar’s Council of Senior Scholars, explained that the establishment of the Islamic calendar was the result of consultation during the time of Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), where scholars debated whether to begin the timeline from the Prophet’s birth, mission, migration, or passing.
The decision was ultimately made to begin the Islamic calendar from the Hijrah, as it represented a major turning point in Islamic history.
Beginning the Year with Muharram
Caliph Umar chose Muharram as the start of the Islamic year because it follows the Hajj season, making it a natural beginning of the annual cycle.
Nasi’ in Pre-Islamic Arabia
Pre-Islamic Arabs practiced “Nasi’,” altering the sacred months according to personal interests, which disrupted the natural order of time.
Islam abolished this practice as stated in the Qur’an:
“Indeed, postponing [sacred months] is an increase in disbelief.”
Restoration of Time in the Farewell Pilgrimage
The Prophet ﷺ said during his Farewell Pilgrimage:
“Time has returned to its original state as it was when Allah created the heavens and the earth.”
The Lunar Hijri Calendar
The Hijri calendar is based on moon sighting. The Prophet ﷺ said:
“Fast when you see it and break your fast when you see it.”
A lunar year ranges between 353 and 355 days.
Calculation and Moon Sighting
Islamic practice combines astronomical calculation for estimation with actual moon sighting as the legal proof of month entry.
The Hijri Calendar as an Islamic Identity
The Hijri calendar is not just a system of dates but a symbol of:
- Islamic identity
- Historical memory
- Worship cycles
- The foundation of the Islamic state
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